Dehydration/ Fluid Balance:
Marra MV, Simmons SF, Shortwell, MS, et al. Elevated serum osmolality and total water deficit indicate impaired hydration status in residents in long-term care facilities regardless of low or high body mass index. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016;116(5):828-836.
Pash E, Parikh N, Hashemi L. Economic burden associated with hospital postadmission dehydration. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2014;38(2 Suppl):58S-64S.
Tannenbaum SL, Castellanos VH, George V, Arheart KL. Current formulas for water requirements produce different estimates. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2012;36(3):299-305.
Hooper, L. Why, oh why, are so many older adults not drinking enough fluid? J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016;116(5):775-777.
Hydration Status Critical Pathway. 2015. Retrieved at: https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Provider-Enrollment-and-Certification/SurveyCertificationGenInfo/Downloads/CMS-20092-Hydration.pdf